Heterotrophs obtain their nutrition by eating other
organisms.
Organisms that obtain their food by eating primary
producers are called: primary consumers
List in order the steps in the nitrogen cycle. Start
with the process that allows atmospheric nitrogen to enter living systems at
the top.
1. Nitrogen
fixation
2. Nitrification
3. Assimilation
4. Ammonification
The tendency for chemicals to concentrate in
organisms at higher trophic levels is called biomagnification.
Carbon cycles among biological molecules, geological
deposits, and atmospheric pools of CO2
In the pyramid of numbers, the number of individuals
decreases at each trophic level
Each feeding level in the food chain is called a
trophic level.
Biomass is a quantitative estimate of the total
weight of living matter in a given area.
Select all consequences of elevated carbon dioxide
concentrations, as illustrated by Stilling and Drake.
·
Inhibition of normal insect development
·
Prolonging of herbivore feeding time
·
Increase in likelihood that herbivores
will b attacked by natural enemies
·
Reduction in foliar nitrogen
The reduction of nitrate to gaseous nitrogen is
called denitrification.
Match each transport mechanisms with its properties.
·
Biological: involves the absorption and
release of chemicals by living organisms
·
Geological: includes weathering and
erosion of rocks and elements transported by surface and subsurface drainage
·
Chemical: includes dissolved matter in
rain and snow, atmospheric gases, and dust blown by the wind
Match each description with its pyramid type.
·
Pyramid of numbers: the abundance of
species decreases with increasing trophic level
·
Inverted pyramid of numbers: the
abundance of species increases with increasing trophic level
·
Pyramid of biomass: when the amount of
biological material decreases with increasing trophic level
·
Inverted pyramid of biomass: when the
amount of biological material increases with increasing trophic level
·
Pyramid of energy: energy production
decreases with increasing trophic level
The two major phenomena of the water cycle are
evaporation and precipitation
The biotic community of organisms in an area in
addition to the abiotic environment affecting the community is called an
ecosystem.
Evapotranspiration measures the amount of water
entering the atmosphere from the ground through evaporation fro the soil and
through transpiration by plants.
Ammonification is carried out by two groups of
organisms: bacteria and fungi
Compared to other biogeochemical cycles, the
phosphorus cycle:
·
Cycles only locally
·
Does not have an atmospheric component
Trophic-level transfer efficiency is: the percentage
of production transferred from one trophic level to the next
Three major constituents can be measured when
investigating the different processes of an ecosystem: energy flow, biomass
production, and biogeochemical cycling.
Whereas an ecosystem constantly receives energy in
the form of light, chemical elements are available in limited amounts and are
continually recycled.
Select all organisms of interest when measuring
ecosystem biomass production.
·
Cyanobacteria
·
Algae
·
Plants
Secondary productivity is the productivity of
heterotrophs and decomposers.
In an ecosystem, gross primary production is the
carbon fixed during photosynthesis.
Select all main trophic levels in food chains.
·
Secondary consumers
·
Primary consumers
·
Primary producers
Two of the most important features of food webs are
chain length and the pyramid of numbers.
Primary producers, primary consumers, and secondary
consumers are the main trophic levels within food chains.
Order the following statements about the energy
cycle, beginning at the top with how energy enters the food chain.
1. The
first trophic level produces chemical energy
2. Unconsumed
plants die and decompose
3. Detritivores
break down dead organisms
Nitrifying bacteria oxidize ammonia to nitrate ions.
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