What organisms can be characterized as jawless
fishes with a rudimentary vertebral column? Lampreys
The neural crest is a group of
embryonic cells found on either side of the neural tube as it develops. These
cells are instrumental in the development of the skeleton in the embryo.
Match each group of vertebrates with a key
innovation that defines their common ancestor:
Vertebral column,
cranium: vertebrates
Jaws: Gnathostomes
Legs: tetrapods
Amniotic egg: Amniotes
The vertebral column functions: as protection for
the nerve cord; as a support element
Jaws were one of the earliest innovations in the
development of: vertebrates
The class Myxini is comprised of jawless fishes
known as hagfish
Hagfish lack a number of characteristics that are
found in most other vertebrates. Such characteristics include: eyes,
fins/appendages, vertebrae, jaws
Match each set of characteristics with a class of
vertebrates:
·
Chondrichthyes: cartilaginous skeleton.
Teeth not fused to the jaw. Lack a swim bladder. Single blood circulation.
·
Actinopterygli: ossified skeleton.
Presence of an operculum. Fins supported by rays. Mucous glands in skin.
·
Sarcopterygli: ossified skeleton. Fins
supported by muscles and bony extensions.
·
Amphibia: tetrapod. Adults with lungs.
Double blood circulation. Able to live on land, but reproduce in water.
·
Cyclostomata: jawless fishes. No
appendages.
Match each type of vertebrate with a key innovation
their common ancestor with other vertebrates was the first to exemplify:
·
Vertebral column: lampreys
·
Jaws: sharks
·
Bony skeleton: ray-finned fishes
·
Legs: amphibians
·
Amniotic egg: reptiles
·
Milk: mammals
A bony or cartilaginous column that provides support
and protects the nerve cord is: the vertebral column
Traits the differentiate vertebrates from other
chordates include: Diverse internal organs; A cranium; A vertebral column; An
endoskeleton
The endoskeleton of vertebrates grows with the
animal. From this we can infer that: the endoskeleton contains living cells
In vertebrates, the bony or cartilaginous structure
that houses and protects the brain is known as the cranium.
What organisms comprise the class Petromyzontida? Lampreys
Distinguishing characteristics of the vertebrates
include: A neural crest; A vertebral column; A cranium; An endoskeleton of bone
or cartilage; A diversity of internal organs. Including a liver and a heart
with at least two chambers; Multiple clusters of Hox genes
Marine cyclostomes that lack eyes, jaws, and
vertebrae are: hagfish
The skeleton of the hagfish consists of a
notochord and a cartilaginous skull.
Which of the following features des not
differentiate vertebrates from chordates? A notochord
Hagfish differ from true fish in that they: Lack
jaws; Have cartilaginous skulls; Lack vertebrae; Lack fins
Identify each vertebrate class described below:
·
Feathers; hollow bones; air sacs;
endothermic; amniote: aves
·
Fishes with ossified skeleton; single
gill covered by operculum; fins supported by rays; swim bladder often present: actimopterygil
·
Shell-less eggs; adults live on land but
fresh water necessary for reproduction; metamorphosis; moist skin: amphibia
·
Fishes with cartilaginous skeleton; no
swim bladder; well-developed fins; single blood circulation; teeth not fused to
jaw: chondrichthyes
The presence of a vertebral column, a cranium, a
neural crest, and endoskeleton of bone or cartilage, and a diversity of internal
organs are the distinguishing characteristics of what group? Vertebrates
What organisms are included in the clade
Cyclostomata? Lampreys and hagfish
The classes of jawless vertebrates include:
petromyzontida and myxini
A cartilaginous skeleton and lack of jaws are some
of the characters that differentiate hagfish from true fish.
A group of embryonic cells found on either side of
the neural tube as it develops, that will ultimately contribute t the
development of the skeleton is called: a neural crest
Larval lampreys burrow into the sand or mud
of freshwater streams and emerge at nighttime to forage on invertebrates and
detritus. This larval stage can last for 3-7 years.
Adult freshwater lampreys are non-feeding fishes
that live on briefly after metamorphosis
Neural crest cells contribute to the development of:
the skeleton, including the haws and teeth
Many vertebrate organs such as the heart and kidneys
are more complex than the analogous structure in other taxa; however, the liver
is completely unique to vertebrates.
All vertebrates have a heart with at least: two
chambers
What do members of the classes Myxini and
Petromyzontida have in common? They are jawless
Which of the following ae true statements regarding
the natural history of hagfish? They have toothed mouth plates and a powerful
rasping tongue; They eat primarily marine worms, invertebrates, dead and dying
fish; They produce copius amounts of slime
Adult marine lampreys are parasitic.
Multiple clusters of Hox genes are thought to have been
responsible for the complex morphologies of the vertberates compared to
invertebrate chordates.
Which of the following organs is completely unique
to vertebrates? The liver
The amniotes are represented by reptilia and
mammalia
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