1) Place
the components of a homeostatic control system in order, from first to last.
·
Homeostatic challenge; Sensor; integrator;
effector; response
2) An
organ must contain at least: two different tissue types.
3) The
process of maintaining a stable internal environment despite changes in
the external environment is known as homeostatis.
4) In
negative feedback, the variable being regulated is changed in the opposite
direction, while in positive feedback the variable is changed in the same
direction.
5) Which
of the following would NOT be an example of negative feedback control in
homeostasis?
·
During the birth process, stretch
receptors in the uterus stimulate the release of oxytocin from the pituitary
gland. This hormone stimulates uterine muscle contraction that increases
stimulation of the stretch receptors.
6) Homeostasis
refers to the property of maintaining particular physiological variables such
as body temperature and solute concentrations absolutely constant. False
7) The
human body's arterial blood pH is tightly maintained around 7.4 by buffering
agents that bind hydrogen ions to stop any change in pH. If an acid-base
imbalance overcomes the buffer system, the body changes the ventilation rate,
or the rate at which gas enters or leaves the lungs. Changing the ventilation
rate changes the concentration of CO2 in the blood, which alters the pH of the
blood. In this case, pH 7.4 is the: set point
8) The
release of factors by cells that influence the activity of nearby cells is
referred to as: paracrine signaling
9) In
invertebrates with open circulatory systems, hemolymph is composed of: plasma
plus interstitial fluid
10) Drag
and drop each characteristic to the correct body system.
·
Circulatory System:
contains the heart, vessels, and blood; transports and distributes substances.
·
Digestive System:
structures for ingestion, storage, digestion, absorption, and elimination;
gallbladder; portion of pancreas that produces enzymes.
·
Endocrine System:
secretion of hormones; portion of pancreas that produces insulin; regulates and
coordinates processes.
·
Excretory System:
filters blood; waste elimination; eliminates solutes and body fluid; kidneys.
·
Immune and Lymphatic System:
circulating white blood cells; defends against pathogens.
11) Collagen
is a tough, stretch-resistant protein. You would be most likely to find
collagen in which tissue type? Connective
12) Which
of the following lists the organization of a mammalian body from least to most
complex? Cell—tissue—organ—organ system
13) Many
anatomical structures rely on an amplified surface area to perform their
function. Match the examples of the amplified surface area with their correct
function.
·
Nerve cells, called neurons, are cells
with highly branched structures, which increase the surface area of the cells. Increased
intercellular communication
·
The inner surface of the small intestine
contains folds and fingerlike projections, called villi. The cells that line
the villi are covered with smaller projections called microvilli. These
structures dramatically increase the surface area. Absorption of nutrients
·
The antennae of a moth contains many
short, thin hairlike projections that increase surface area. Sense chemicals
in the air
·
The air passages in mammalian lungs end
in saclike regions called alveoli. Alveoli look like clusters of grapes. The
numerous compartments of the alveoli increase the surface area. Increased
oxygen absorption.
14) Drag
and drop each characteristic to the correct body system.
·
Integumentary system:
body surfaces; prevents dehydration.
·
Muscular-skeletal system:
produces movement; supports the body; bone; cartilage
·
Nervous system:
coordinates activities; processes and delivers signals; contains ganglia, sense
organs, etc.
·
Reproductive system:
production of gametes; gonads; nutrition for developing young
·
Respiratory system:
gills; lungs; trachea; regulation of blood pH; release of CO2
15) Drag
and drop each characteristic to the correct tissue type.
·
Epithelial tissue:
serves as a covering; secretes and absorbs; includes squamous, cuboidal, and
columnar cells; has a free surface and a basal lamina; may be simple,
stratified, pseudostratified, or transitional; lines kidney tubules, nasal
passages, intestines, etc.
·
Connective tissue:
surrounds, anchors, and supports; includes bone; includes adipose tissue;
includes blood; has extracellular matrix
·
Muscle tissue:
may be skeletal, smooth, or cardiac; one type provides force to pump blood through an animal’s body; one type
surrounds hollow tubes and cavities inside the body’s organs; one type causes
movement
·
Nervous tissue:
conducts electrical signals throughout an animal’s body; controls activities in
other cells; cells vary considerably in length
16) Which
of the following tissue types is specialized to conduct electrical signals? Nervous
17) Select
the correct term for each sentence, and put the sentences in order starting
with the smallest structure and ending with the largest.
·
A cell may become specialized and may
aggregate with others of its kind to form greater levels of organization.
·
A group of specialized cells of a
specific type that grow and orient together is known as a tissue.
·
A structure that is composed of layers
of cells of multiple types that are arranged in various patterns is an organ.
·
Different structures working together to
perform a common function are recognized as an organ system.
18) Drag
and drop each example to the correct type of response.
·
Conforming:
a marine crab has the same solute concentration in its body fluids as is found
in sea water; a frog’s body temperature is the same as the temperature of the
environment; the body temperature of a fish is the same as the water it swims
in; a process that is not energetically expensive; characteristic of an
organism in a stable environment.
·
Regulating:
most vertebrates utilize this type of response; characteristic of an organism
in an environment that is less consistent;
adjustment of blood glucose after eating; a human’s body s much warmer
than its surroundings
19) It's
your birthday and you splurge with a big slice of chocolate cake, heavy on the
icing. Shortly afterwards, your blood glucose levels rise until an endocrine
mechanism (secretion of insulin) counteracts this rise and glucose levels
decline. The initial change in blood glucose and insulin response that follows
is an example of: homeostasis.
20) Which
major tissue type exhibits the shortening of its cells (i.e., contraction) as a
major function? Muscle
21) The
human body's arterial blood pH is tightly maintained around 7.4 by buffering
agents that bind hydrogen ions to stop any change in pH. If an acid-base imbalance
overcomes the buffer system, the body changes the ventilation rate, or the rate
at which gas enters or leaves the lungs. Changing the ventilation rate changes
the concentration of CO2 in the blood, which alters the pH of the blood. In
this case, the muscles that control the ventilation rate are acting as the: effector.
22) Connective
tissue serves to support and bind other tissues. Which of the following is NOT
an example of connective tissue? Neurons
23) Drag
and drop each characteristic to the correct type of signal.
·
Paracrine and neurotransmitter
signaling: effect is on nearby cells; chemical signal is
released into interstitial fluid; occurs between neurons; messages may be
neurotransmitters; messages move by diffusion; very rapid response; may be a
response to damage
·
Hormonal signaling:
regulated by endocrine system; long distance signals; message is secreted in
blood; involved in growth and development
No comments:
Post a Comment