Ecology Ch. 11

Temperate seas and lakes experience a spring bloom when growth conditions for plankton are ideal. Later in the annual cycle, the plankton populations decline due to competition and predation

A spring bloom occurs when there is an abundance of sunlight and nutrients to provide ideal growth conditions for organisms such as diatoms

Which of the following are typically considered to be density-dependent factors that can affect population growth? Disease, competition, predation

Rank the continents from smallest to largest in their percentage of the global population in 2011. Begin with the smallest at the top. North America; Europe; Africa; Asia

Natural populations may grow at exponential rates for short periods of time in the presence of abundant resources

Which of the following are reasons why geometric growth is typically not sustainable over many generations? There would be a greater demand for nutrients than the available supply; organisms might be forced to spread to habitats where they are not ideally adapted; plants would likely run low on light

Logistic population growth occurs as resources become depleted, growth rate slows and eventually stops

Population growth studies: can involve mathematical modeling, studies of lab organisms, and studies of natural populations

Which of the following are examples of conditions that contribute to populations ceasing to grow (and therefore reaching their carrying capacity)? The sugar supply becoming depleted for yeast; barnacles having little space to attach

According to the graph, global population growth: has at times been greater than exponential rates

Human population densities are highest in the coastal regions of all continents. TRUE

Cactus finches cause damage to cactus flowers, such as destroying the stigmas, during the wet season

If the habitat in the Galapagos Islands was as shown in the figure a, birth rates of finches would likely exceed death rates

What caused the low numbers of cactus flowers on Genovesa Island from 1984 on? El Nino caused some cactus plants to be waterlogged in 1983; flower damage done by cactus finches; increased osmotic stress due to sea spray hitting coastal cacti in 1983 (due to El Nino)

Carrying capacity is likely influenced by resource availability, parasitism, disease, and availability of space

How did annual rainfall affect the number of egg clutches produced by cactus finches on the Galapagos Islands? Higher levels of rainfall resulted in 4-6 clutches per pair

In 2011, most Asians lived in what two countries? India and China

Typically, emigration has the greatest impact on population sizes of less-developed nations

What has led to the exponential growth exhibited by the whooping crane in North America? Well-controlled management and protection of initially small population

Which of the following are true concerning the relationship between cactus finches and the cacti they feed on (Galapagos Islands)? The finches eat insects from rotting cactus pad that fall to the ground; the finches can consume the cactus flower nectar; the finches consume pollen from flower buds in the dry season

A population growing at its maximum rate: grows slowly at first, then faster

As seen on the graph, when cactus flower availability was high, damage done to the cactus plants by the Galapagos finches was: low

In the equation shown, N₀ equals the initial number of organisms

Geometric growth: cannot be maintained for very many generations in the natural world

In the logistic equation, r_max: is the maximum rate of per capita increase; occurs if a species is under ideal environmental conditions

El Nino can cause an increase in rainfall on the Galapagos Islands. This, in turn, results in higher seed production, which is a food source for the birds known as Darwin’s finches

If an organism has access to unlimited or abundant resources, it will likely reproduce at a maximum rate

Which of the following does the letter K represent in the logistic growth model? The carrying capacity; the theoretical maximum population

At high population densities, more animals are forced to live in less sheltered habitats. If the temperatures are very cold, this may lead to increased mortality. In this case, an abiotic factor is affecting the population in a density-dependent way

Which of the following is NOT true concerning the dominant finch on Daphne Major (one of the Galapagos Islands)? The adult finches depend on worms for food

In the logistic equation, dN/dt is equal to the change in numbers divided by the change in time, otherwise known as the rate of population change

Organisms that exhibit exponential growth show a non-pulsed reproductive pattern where population growth is continuous

The ideal conditions for exponential growth are low population densities and favorable environmental conditions

A geometric growth pattern is exhibited by populations where successive generations differ in size by a constant ratio

According to the equation for exponential growth, the rate of population growth declines as the population size increases. FALSE

Whooping cranes in North America exhibit exponential growth due to: an effective management regime; protection from hunting

Insects and other organisms that produce a single generation of offspring each year exhibit a geometric growth pattern

In the logistic equation, what happens to population growth as N increases towards K? population growth slows

Pollen records were used to estimate the growth of several postglacial tree populations in Britain by the scientist with the last name of Bennett

The influence of wet and dry cycles on cactus finch populations in the Galapagos Islands was studied by Rosemary and Peter Grant

In the equation for geometric growth, t: is the number of the time intervals

Using the diagram as an aid, what occurs during logistic growth if N<K? population growth occurs

Parameclum caudatum was shown to have a logistic growth pattern by: Gause

Does the pattern for the Eurasian collared dove indicate the population grew at an exponential rate from 1955 to 1964? TRUE

Using the diagram as an aid, when does the maximum rate of population increase occur? At very low population size

The scientist associated studying the sigmoidal growth population growth in yeast and protozoa is named: Gause