A community that is in equilibrium can be
characterized by which of the following?
·
It has stable species-richness
·
It has stable species diversity
The individualistic model describes a community as
an assemblage of species coexisting due to similarities in physiological
tolerances and requirements.
Match how competition affects succession according
to the tolerance model.
·
Competition-inteolerant species:
successful early in succession
·
Competition-tolerant species: successful
late in succession
The relationship between the available area and the
number of species present is called the species-area effect.
Which of the following are factors of the
facilitation process that assist in the establishment of a climax community?
·
Facilitation promotes the invasion of
new colonists
·
Facilitation results in the most
dominant species colonizing the community
Which of the following are factors that a community
ecologist would address when studying a community?
·
Factors that stabilize species number
·
Factors that stabilize species abundance
Primary succession occurs after a glacier retreats.
Disturbance may increase species richness because of
which of the following?
·
it creates micro-habitats that are
different than the overall habitat of the area
·
it causes a progression of species who
are competing for resources in the area it re-establishes after disturbance
·
it provides niches for species that
otherwise would not survive in an area
Identify the steps of facilitated succession in
order following a glacial retreat.
1. Cyanobacteria,
mosses, and lichens increase soil nitrogen content
2. Seedlings
of shrubs begin to colonize
3. Soil
depth and litter fall increase, and alder trees invade
4. As
soil nitrogen and litter fall increase, spruce trees begin to invade
5. Soil
becomes acidic and hemlock seedlings appear
A community is an assemblage of many species living
in the same place at the same time.
The number of species in a community is referred to
as its species richness
The intermediate-disturbance hypothesis predicts
that areas with moderate habitat disturbance will have higher levels of species
richness.
The productivity hypothesis predicts that species
richness can be predicted by the total amount of plant material produced over
time.
Which of the following describe the principle of
species individuality?
·
Competition does not create distinct
vegetational zones
·
Most communities intergrade
·
Species are distributed based on
physiological needs
A mechanism of succession in which earlier species
make the area more suitable for subsequent species is called facilitation.
The four main hypothesis for explaining differences
between species richness in different geographical areas are the area
hypothesis, the time hypothesis, the productivity hypothesis, and the
intermediate-disturbance hypothesis.
A series of changes in ecological community after a
forest fire has destroyed the vegetation is an example of secondary succession.
Primary succession refers to a series of changes in
a biotic community that occurs after a bare expanse of ground becomes newly exposed.
The gradual and continuous change in species
composition and community structure over time is called succession.
A series of community changes resulting from a
tsunami is secondary succession, whereas a series of changes to the community
resulting from the formation of a new coastal sand dune is primary succession.
Species richness generally increase with decreasing
latitude, from polar regions to tropical regions.
According to the organismic mode, communities are
predictable, integrated associations species separated by sharp boundaries.
Primary succession begins with a bare expanse of
newly exposed rock, whereas secondary succession begins with an existing
community that has been dramatically altered.
Species-rich communities are generally considered
more stable than species poor communities.
The relationship between the available are and the
number of species present is called the species-area effect.
The intermediate-disturbance hypothesis predicts
that areas that has some continuous habitat disturbance will have the highest
degree of species richness.
Community ecology is the study of the interactions
among individuals within coexisting populations found in a specific area.
The productivity hypothesis predicts that species
richness can be predicted by the total amount of plant material produced over
time.
According to the diversity-stability hypothesis,
high diversity communities are more resistant to disturbance than low diversity
communities.
No comments:
Post a Comment