What term is used to describe an organism that will
kill and consume other organisms? Predator
Which of the following example is considered an
exploitative interaction? A cat killing
a sparrow
Which of the following are generalist predators on
the snowshoe hare? Coyote, red foxes
Identify the correct sequence for the life cycle of
Adelina, beginning with entering the host and ending with being encased in
oocysts. Oocysts of Adelina enter the
host; Oocysts develop into the sporozoite stage; Sporozoites enter the host’s
haemocoel; Sporozoites become merozoites and invade host cells; Zygotes give
rise to sporozoites that are encased in oocysts
Within the Lotka-Volterra model, what limits the
host population size? Amount of
predators
Identify the trophic levels that influence the
population cycle of the snowshoe hare. The
hares’ food source; the hares; the predators of the hares
What term is used to describe an organism that lives
on the tissues of another, without killing it? Parasite
When Adelina was present, Tribolium castaneum was
more successful. FALSE
Which group of organisms are the dominant herbivore
in a forest ecosystem? Arthropods
Which variables are used to calculate the predator’s
combined response to increased prey density? The number of predators per area; prey consumed by each predator
Within the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey equation,
what symbol is used to represent the number of prey killed by predators? The symbol p
A prey defensive strategy called predator satiation occurs when prey are
present in a very high density, thus decreasing an individual’s chances of
being killed by a predator
Which statement is correct about the numerical
response of both coyotes and lynxes in response to the increase in the hare
population? Both the coyote and lynx
populations increased in numbers in response to an increase in the hare
population
Which of the following prey populations would be
impacted by the red fox population? Roe deer;
Grouse; Mountain hares
According to the predator influence on prey
population hypothesis, what will ultimately happen to the prey? Their population will decrease
What role do refuges play in regards to exploited
populations? Protection against
predators and parasites
The population cycle in the snowshoe hare population
is determined strictly by the number of predators in the community. FALSE
Which of the following relationships are considered
exploitative interactions? Parasite/host;
predator/prey
Which prey species was used by Gause during his
first attempt to reproduce the Lotka-Volterra population cycles? Paramecium caudatum
What terms is used to describe an organism whose
larva kills the host and consumes it? Parasitoid
Which organisms are often classified as pathogens? Mosquitos; flies; ticks
What defensive mechanisms will plants produce in
response to being preyed upon by snowshoe hares? Elevated concentrations of plant defensive chemicals
According to the researchers’ calculations, there
were five fewer caterpillars
damaging cotton plants when Brazilian free-tailed bats are feeding on the bollworm
moths
Which population benefits from the presence of a
refuge? Prey
Which variables influenced the outcome of
competition between Tribolium castaneum and T. confusum? Moisture; temperature
Ecologists studying temporal dynamics will study the
interactions between predators and prey
What happened to the hare population as a result of
the decrease in the red fox population? Increase
by two to four times
Within the Lotka-Volterra equation, what opposes the
growth rate of the predator population? The
number of predator deaths
The predator’s combined response to increased prey
density is measured as the prey consumed
per unit area
Which features of group life make it a refuge? Living in a large group decreases an
individuals chances of being the one killed; a large group can scare away a
predator
Which factor(s) has the greatest influence on the
snowshoe hare population? The size of
the predator population and the amount of food available for the snowshoe hare
population
Which of the following components were required in
order for Gause to produce Lotka-Volterra type predator-prey oscillations under
laboratory conditions? A reservoir for
the predator population; a refuge for the prey; periodic immigration of
predators
Which species were used by Utida during his experimental
attempt to reproduce the Lotka Volterra predator-prey cycles? Parasitoid wasps; adzuki bean weevils
Which statement is correct about the functional response
of coyotes and lynx to the increase in the hare population? Coyotes killed more hares while the hare
population was increasing
How long after snowshoe hares browse on plants will
the plant continue to produce chemical defenses? 2 years
Temporal dynamics are studied over a period of days to decades
What percentage of the benthic biomass do the larval
Helicopsyche make up in the Lamberti and Resh study? 25
Within the Lotka-Volterra model, what type of growth
is assumed for the host population? Exponential
Which animals did Alfred Lotka use to model
predator-prey interactions? Butterflies,
moth
In the absence of a refuge, what will ultimately
happen to the predator and prey populations? Extinction of both predator and prey populations
What role do conifers play in the life of a snowshoe
hare? Provide cover; provide a food
source
Identify the predators that play the greatest role
in influencing the snowshoe hare population. Coyote; lynx
What is the immediate consequence of an increase in
the snowshoe hare population? The quantity
and quality of their food decreases
Identify the impact that mange mites can have upon a
population of red foxes. Results in the
death of the red fox; cause skin deterioration; results in hair loss
The value of p will decrease if an environment experiences an increase in the number of
refuges over a period of time
When Puccinia infects the rosettes of Arabis, what
group of tissues are infected? Meristematic
Which abiotic factor has the least influence on the
outcome of competition between Tribolium castaneum and T. confusum? Soil texture
Which demographic of snowshoe hares are coyotes the
most important predator of? Adult hares
What was the ultimate consequence of mange mites on
the red fox population? They decreased the
population by over 70%
What term best describes the feeding role of larval
Helicopsyche? Omnivore
Identify the correct sequence of events that would
occur, according to the Lotka-Volterra equation. Predator population increases, host population decreases, predator
population decreases
In which way would a parasite alter the behavior of
its host? It will cause the host to help
increase the transmission of the parasites
Which of the following features describes an
infected Arabis? Rosettes posses a high
density of leaves along their length; the tip of the rosettes have a cluster of
bright yellow leaves; rosettes are elongated
What relationship exists between the prey density
and the percentage of prey consumed when all three predators are present? When prey density is high, the percentage
of prey consumed is low
After week 3, what is the relationship between the
caddisfly population and the algal biomass? As the caddisfly population increases the algal biomass decreases
Which of the following are unrealistic assumptions
of the Lotka-Volterra equation? The predator
populations are not subject to carrying capacities; eternal oscillations on a
narrowly defined path will exist; changes in the predator population will be
instantaneously translated into responses in the prey population
Mathematical models offer population biologists an
opportunity to manipulate variables that cannot be controlled in the field. TRUE
What was the arthropod density on plants that were
visited by bats but not by birds? 65%
higher than control plants
Which month showed the largest levels of both
predatory mite and prey mite populations? December
What is the first stage in the life cycle of Arabis
species? Forming a rosette
If the density of prey in a given area were to
increase, what would we expect to happen to the percentage of prey consumed? It would decrease
Which of the following refugees enabled the cactus
Opuntia stricta to avoid predation by herbivorous insects and pathogenic
microbes? Growing between 600 and 900
meters in elevation; nutrient poor soils; small isolated populations
During which stages of the weevils’ life cycle are
they parasitized by the hymenopteran wasp? Pupae;
larvae
At what point of the study did the caddisfly
population reach its peak? Week 3
Which prey density produced the highest percentage
of prey consumed? Medium
Identify the relationship, discovered by Huffaker,
between predator and prey populations of mites. If the prey population increases, shortly after, the predator
population will increase
According to the Lotka-Volterra equation, what is
the initial response to an increase in the predator population? A decrease in the host population
What is the relationship between the prey density
and the percentage of prey consumed? The
higher the prey density, the lower the percentage of prey consumed
Which parasitism relationship between the wasp
larvae and weevil larvae is accurate? Larvae
wasp and larvae weevil
Identify the food preferences for larval
Helicopsyche. Algae, bacteria
Parasites will often use the host in order to
increase the parasites’ reproductive potential. TRUE
Which population did Charles Elton hypothesize was
directly impacted by the intensity of solar radiation? Hares
What was the key to understanding the controls on
the snowshoe hare population numbers? Studying
all three trophic levels simultaneously
In the Park study, which organisms had the highest
rate of cannibalism? T. castaneum
What are the consequences of the prey populations in
most Lotka-Volterra experiments? The prey
populations goes extinct
What were the consequences of reintroducing wolves
into Yellowstone National Park? The elk
herd altered its pattern of distribution
Which of the following are unrealistic assumptions
of the Lotka-Volterra equation? Changes in
the predator population will be instantaneously translated into responses in
the prey population; eternal oscillations on a narrowly defined path will
exist; the predator populations are not subject to carrying capacities
What is the correct order of events in the life
cycle of the adzuki bean weevil? Eggs hatch
into larvae that metamorphose into pupae that develop into adult weevils
Which organism was the intermediate host species in
Janice Moore’s study? A terrestrial
isopod
According to Lotka the value of p should remain the
same across different environments. FALSE
In what way does Plagiorhynchus alter the behavior
of Armadillidium? Armadillidium will
increase the amount of time they spend in the open
The Lotka-Volterra equation is realistic in assuming
that the predator and prey populations will be able to oscillate continuously
without interruption. FALSE
Identify the amphipod behavior that will occur when
they are parasitized by spiny-headed worms. Positive phototaxis
What happened to the hare population when the Krebs
research team excluded predators and added food to the study plot? The hare population increased by 11 times
What is the insect consumption level of a lactating
Brazilian free-tailed bat? Two-thirds
its body weight
Which reason best explains why most attempts to
produce Lotka-Volterra type oscillations in laboratory populations have failed?
The predator population has gone extinct
in a fairly short period of time
In order to understand the dynamics of the snowshoe
hare population, how many trophic levels were necessary to be studied? Three
What type of ecological relationship did Janice
Moore study? Parasite-host
What is the ultimate consequence of the behavioral
change that Plagiohynchus will inflict upon Armadillidium? Armadillidium will be preyed upon more frequently by birds
Which factor would most likely cause p to differ
between two environments? A difference
in the availability of refuges
Why did the elk in Yellowstone National Park change
their behavior? They were afraid of the
increased wolf population in the park
What happened to the hare population when the Krebs
research team reduced the predators on the study plot? The hare density doubled
Which insect group makes up the majority of the diet
of a lactating Brazilian free-tailed bat? Moths
Which population did Charles Elton hypothesize was
directly impacted by the intensity of solar radiation? Hares
Recognize the benefit that positive phototaxis
provides to spiny-headed worms. Greater chance
of being transmitted to another host
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